Daniel Pakpahan, Research Associate at CIL, was awarded a competitive scholarship by Unidroit – International Institute for the Unification of Private Law to conduct research at the Institute's seat in the Villa Aldobrandini in Rome, from 5 May to 4 July 2025.

As an Invited Scholar, Daniel undertook research on “Apparent Authority and the Formation of International Investment Contracts”. His research explores whether and to what extent the apparent authority doctrine applies as a general principle of law to govern the formation of international investment contracts, particularly in situations where an agent acted without actual authority in making representations on behalf of a State.

During his research stay, Daniel also participated as an independent observer in the Sixth Session of the Unidroit-ICC Working Group on International Investment Contracts, held at the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris on 10 – 12 June 2025.

Unidroit is an independent intergovernmental organisation whose function is to harmonize private international law across countries through uniform law principles and conventions. Each year Unidroit grants scholarships to a limited number of high-performing post-graduate law students, lawyers, academics and government officials to undertake research in the Unidroit Library.