The present brief contribution reflects on the evolution of IUU fishing, its current status, and possible future pathways to prevent, deter, and eliminate this practice. IUU fishing not only presents a question of management and conservation, but also entails serious human rights and transnational crime components. From these perspectives, this paper concludes that IUU fishing must be addressed through a multi-regime and multi-institutional process requiring the involvement of many stakeholders, including non-State actors. In particular, the effective settlement of IUU fishing disputes requires enhancing the role of international courts and tribunals as part of this process.