Researchers' Activities

The dialogue brought together a select group of experts to discuss ways for states to implement their responsibilities in relation to nuclear weapons and/or radioactive materials in the maritime domain in the name of confidence building and risk reduction. The dialogue was guided by the BASIC-ICCS Nuclear Responsibilities Framework.

Nivedita presented as part of Working Group 3 on nuclear safety and regulation’s panel on international trade impacts. Her presentation was entitled “Governing the Dicephalus Beast – the Tale of Transportable Nuclear Power Plant” was co-authored with Senior Fellow Denise Cheong. Drawing on the research undertaken by the CIL Team, her presentation shared initial findings on legal and institutional issues relating to the governance of floating nuclear power plants (FNPPs), focusing primarily on the governance frameworks of both the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

Head of Nuclear Law and Policy, Denise Cheong was invited to participate in the first-ever “International Conference on Nuclear Law: The Global Debate” organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from 25 to 29 April 2022 in Vienna, Austria. She presented as part of the roundtable titled “The Role of Nuclear Law in the Broader Context of Other Areas of Law”.

Drawing on her research experience, Denise’s presentation focused on how nuclear law could be conceptualised and what implications this may have on current approaches to higher education research and the requisite learning and skills for developing capacity within the research domain. Her presentation began with observations on the state of play within the research domain then focused on nuclear law at the international level, reflecting on its role, nature and ambit, given the realities of (i) “boundary interactions” with other branches of international law, and (ii) institutional “law making”.

Key takeaways from her presentation included: First, the need for a holistic conceptualisation of nuclear law in order to promote its objective of providing a legal framework that would adequately protect individuals, property and the environment. This should include nuclear law provisions in other areas of law as well as both hard and soft law. Second, nuclear law researchers, as part of broader research community, have an important part to play in helping to “discover” the breadth & depth of nuclear law and more research collaboration is needed to advance the objective of nuclear law, in light of the increasingly complex and multidisciplinary issues that nuclear law is being called on to address. Third, new learning, skills and support are needed to help nuclear law research fulfil this role effectively.

Further details of this conference are available on the IAEA’s conference page and programme.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong, Research Fellow Nivedita S and Research Associates Manisha Regalla and Annabelle Teo participated in the first-ever  “International Conference on Nuclear Law: The Global Debate” organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from 25 to 29 April 2022. This was an in-person conference held in Vienna, Austria which also provided for virtual participation, allowing all members of the CIL Nuclear Team to participate in the event.

Over the week, the conference provided a unique forum for leading global experts from governments, international and non-governmental organisations, industry, academia and civil society to share experiences and discuss topical issues with a view to developing further the various areas of nuclear law and promoting international expertise in this field. The format of the conference included a high-level opening session with opening remarks by the IAEA Director General, Rafael Mariano Grossi  and keynote speeches from leading global experts in the nuclear field; a series of topical sessions that addressed key nuclear law issues and round-table discussions that provided the opportunity for focused discussions. Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong presented as part of the roundtable titled “The Role of Nuclear Law in the Broader Context of Other Areas of Law”. 

Details of the event and Speakers are available on the IAEA’s conference page and programme.

Research Associates Manisha Regalla and Annabelle Teo participated in the 2022 session of the “Fundamentals of International Nuclear Law”, an online course developed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD NEA), which was held from 14 to 18 February 2022. Now in its second edition, this course is designed to provide a high-level, introductory review of the central aspects of international nuclear law in a condensed programme.

Over the week, participants from a diverse range of countries and backgrounds learnt about the international nuclear law framework and major issues affecting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (spanning across nuclear safety, security, safeguards and civil liability for nuclear damage), through attending lectures delivered by leading experts from international organisations, governments and private industry and engaging in panel discussions.

Details of the event and lecturers are available in the OECD NEA’s press release and course programme.

Research Fellow Nivedita S attended the annual meeting of the OSPAR’s Radioactive Substances Committee (RSC) held from 8 to 10 February 2022. She was part of the delegation of the Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea (ACOPS), a non-governmental organisation with observer status with the OSPAR Commission. Held virtually, the main focus of this meeting was to finalise the fifth periodic evaluation (5PE) and the Radioactive Substances Thematic Assessment for the Quality Status Report 2023. The purpose of such evaluations is to analyse the progress made by Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Convention towards the strategic objective of the OSPAR Radioactive Substances Strategy, which aims to reduce discharges of radioactive substances to the North-East Atlantic either to background values or near zero. Strategic issues that the RSC monitors include floating nuclear power stations. The International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Nuclear Association also attended as observers. For more information on RSC, see https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/rsc.

Research Fellow Nivedita S and Research Associate Annabelle Teo participated in a webinar entitled “Safety, Security and Safeguards Interfaces and Challenges for Novel Advanced Reactors” organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on 3 February 2022. This was the second webinar in a series of webinars on the safety of Novel Advanced Reactors (NARs) (which includes marine-based small modular reactors), following the completion of a high-level mapping of the applicability of the IAEA Safety Standards to NARs.

Having found during the mapping exercise that the implementation of the safety requirements for NARs at the design stage has interfaces with security and safeguards considerations, the aim of the webinar was to discuss the various interfaces, challenges, synergies and conflicts for the safety, security and safeguards (3Ss) of NARs, taking into account their unique characteristics such as new fuel concepts and transportability. This discussion was timely given that many NARs are still at a conceptual or early design stage, thus presenting a unique opportunity for interested stakeholders to promote and pursue a holistic approach that integrates all 3Ss to support the development and deployment of NARs. Additionally, the webinar also provided an overview of the IAEA’s upcoming activities in this area. Details of the event and speakers are available in the webinar programme.

CIL Research Associate Annabelle Teo participated in various events during the International Conference on the Safe and Secure Transport of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials, which was held virtually from 13 to 17 December 2021. The conference was organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and focused on issues relating to transport safety, transport security and the interface between them, with the objective of supporting Member States in further developing and strengthening their transport safety and security regulatory infrastructures.

Relevant topics covered over the course of the week include: (i) the main transport considerations and challenges for Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in realising the prospect of global deployment of SMRs; (ii) the call for enhanced regional networks addressing transport safety and security in a coordinated manner, including within the Asia and Pacific Islands region; (iii) the exchange of good practices and experience, including presentations from ASEAN Member States such as Indonesia and Myanmar on the development of transport regulations and the exercise of regulatory oversight; and (iv) the IAEA’s past work and future plans to promote effective management of the transport safety-security interface. Details of the event and speakers are available in the conference programme.  

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Fellow Nivedita S were invited to participate in the Tenth Meeting of the Working Group on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). They participated remotely in this three-day hybrid meeting which was held in Geneva, Switzerland from 1 to 3 December 2021.

Matters discussed included (i) the cases pertaining to nuclear power plants including the planned construction of units and lifetime extension of such plants pending before the Espoo Implementation Committee; (ii) the proposed modifications to the reporting template for the European Union for the implementation of the Espoo Convention on EIA and the Kyiv Protocol on SEA, which includes a component to assess whether EIA/SEAs contribute to achieving sustainable development goals; and (iii) the work being done to identify synergies and possible cooperation activities in marine regions (in particular, regional seas frameworks that include provisions on environmental assessments).

The meeting included a seminar on sustainable infrastructure, which discussed among others, good practices relating to the use of EIA/SEA in the context of infrastructure development plans and projects. As part of this discussion, the potential link between taxonomy-related assessments and the EIA and SEA processes was also considered. The meeting brought together representatives from state parties to these treaties and representatives from intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations and academia.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Fellow Nivedita S were invited to participate in the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s (NEA) Working Party on Nuclear Liability and Transport (WPNLT) during its annual meeting held on 23 and 24 November 2021. This virtual meeting brought together representatives from member countries of the OECD NEA, intergovernmental organisations and industry as well as independent experts. The WPNLT is one of three working parties that fall under the purview of the NEA’s Nuclear Law Committee. Its main objectives are to examine issues relating to the interpretation and application of international nuclear liability instruments to nuclear transport and to find practical solutions through information exchange and the sharing of relevant experience.