Enzo Elia presented a paper at the Lisbon Climate Conference held at Católica University in Lisbon, 29-30 September 2026.

At the fourth edition of the Lisbon Climate Conference on climate change and reparations, Enzo Elia presented the paper “The Nexus and the Repertoire: Causation and the Consequences of Climate Wrongfulness". 

The paper examined the relationship between the causal nexus and the different consequences of State responsibility under the ILC Articles. Hence, it explored how causal requirements operate across different forms of legal consequences and argued for a more differentiated understanding of their role, particularly in relation to climate harm. More broadly, it considered how the law of State responsibility can respond to the distinctive challenges posed by climate change without allowing causation difficulties to unduly restrict the consequences available to affected States.