CIL Research Fellow Dr Su Wai Mon presented at the 33^rd ANZSIL Annual Conference on “Beyond Physical Protection: Strengthening International law and Cooperation to Address Cybersecurity Risks to Submarine Cable Systems” Her presentation focused on the growing cybersecurity risks facing submarine cable systems, which form the backbone of global digital communications and are critical to economic stability and national security. It examined the limitations of existing international legal frameworks in addressing cyber threats to submarine cables, highlighted current governance gaps, and discussed practical recommendations to strengthen international cooperation, enhance cyber resilience, and improve the protection of submarine cable systems through existing international institutions and legal frameworks.