On 6 March 2025, Dr. Trung Nguyen gave a presentation on “”Threats of the Dark fleet to the Marine Environment and Possible Responses of Coastal States”. In his presentation, he highlighted the heightening risk of the dark fleet to the marine environment of coastal States region and looked at cases concerning the manipulation of ships’ identity and Automatic Identification System (AIS). He also proposed cooperation mechanism for the littoral states of the Strait of Mallaca and Singapore to address this challenge.