On 13 September 2024 Prof Robert Beckman was the main speaker at a public seminar at the University of Copenhagen on the “dark fleet” or “shadow fleet”. The event was organized by the Dept of Political Science at the University of Copenhagen and was moderated by Prof. Maria Mälksoo. The title of Prof Beckman’s presentation was “Sanctions Busting at Sea: The Environmental Risks of the Global Shadow Fleet - Options for Coastal States”. Three commentators responded to Prof Beckman’s presentation. Industry perspectives were provided by Jakob Larsen (BIMCO) and Henriette Ingvardsen (Danish Shipping) who highlighted the complexities of addressing the issue. Jan Stockbruegger, a post-doctoral fellow from the University of Copenhagen stressed the importance of framing the problem in environmental rather than security terms, and the need to strengthen the powers of coastal because their marine environments are at greatest risk.