CIL Energy Law & Policy Senior Research Fellow, Dr Mohammad Hazrati, has co-authored a new article in Climate Law, published as part of a Special Issue on the Legal Aspects of Decarbonization of Shipping and Alternative Fuels. Titled “Decarbonizing Shipping: Does the EU-ETS Ensure a Just Transition?”, the article examines the European Union’s decision to include maritime transport in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) as of January 2024.

Maritime transport accounts for around 80 per cent of global trade by volume and approximately 3 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, making the sector crucial for both economic development and climate mitigation. The article critically assesses the justice implications of extending the EU-ETS to shipping, which covers 100 per cent of intra-EU emissions and 50 per cent of emissions from voyages between EU and non-EU countries. Applying the ‘Just Framework’, the authors identify key procedural, distributive, and cosmopolitan (in)justices arising from this regulatory expansion.