Researchers' Activities

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This seminar was held at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University on Friday, 7 June 2024.

She was part of a panel on “Developing International Norms Addressing the Disposal of Nuclear Waste and Nuclear Governance at the International and Domestic Levels” where she gave a presentation on “Nuclear Governance and the Discharge of ALPs-treated Water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station”.

This event was co-organised by the Centre for Strategic Energy & Resources, an independent think-and-do tank and non-profit organisation that seeks to provide thought leadership on issues related to energy transition and sustainability. Denise presented as part of the session on “Global Perspectives on nuclear energy and its implications for Asia Pacific”.

They participated remotely in this three-day hybrid meeting which was held in Geneva, Switzerland from 19 to 21 December 2022.

The dialogue brought together a select group of experts to discuss ways for states to implement their responsibilities in relation to nuclear weapons and/or radioactive materials in the maritime domain in the name of confidence building and risk reduction. The dialogue was guided by the BASIC-ICCS Nuclear Responsibilities Framework.

Nivedita presented as part of Working Group 3 on nuclear safety and regulation’s panel on international trade impacts. Her presentation was entitled “Governing the Dicephalus Beast – the Tale of Transportable Nuclear Power Plant” was co-authored with Senior Fellow Denise Cheong. Drawing on the research undertaken by the CIL Team, her presentation shared initial findings on legal and institutional issues relating to the governance of floating nuclear power plants (FNPPs), focusing primarily on the governance frameworks of both the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

Head of Nuclear Law and Policy, Denise Cheong was invited to participate in the first-ever “International Conference on Nuclear Law: The Global Debate” organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from 25 to 29 April 2022 in Vienna, Austria. She presented as part of the roundtable titled “The Role of Nuclear Law in the Broader Context of Other Areas of Law”.

Drawing on her research experience, Denise’s presentation focused on how nuclear law could be conceptualised and what implications this may have on current approaches to higher education research and the requisite learning and skills for developing capacity within the research domain. Her presentation began with observations on the state of play within the research domain then focused on nuclear law at the international level, reflecting on its role, nature and ambit, given the realities of (i) “boundary interactions” with other branches of international law, and (ii) institutional “law making”.

Key takeaways from her presentation included: First, the need for a holistic conceptualisation of nuclear law in order to promote its objective of providing a legal framework that would adequately protect individuals, property and the environment. This should include nuclear law provisions in other areas of law as well as both hard and soft law. Second, nuclear law researchers, as part of broader research community, have an important part to play in helping to “discover” the breadth & depth of nuclear law and more research collaboration is needed to advance the objective of nuclear law, in light of the increasingly complex and multidisciplinary issues that nuclear law is being called on to address. Third, new learning, skills and support are needed to help nuclear law research fulfil this role effectively.

Further details of this conference are available on the IAEA’s conference page and programme.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong, Research Fellow Nivedita S and Research Associates Manisha Regalla and Annabelle Teo participated in the first-ever  “International Conference on Nuclear Law: The Global Debate” organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from 25 to 29 April 2022. This was an in-person conference held in Vienna, Austria which also provided for virtual participation, allowing all members of the CIL Nuclear Team to participate in the event.

Over the week, the conference provided a unique forum for leading global experts from governments, international and non-governmental organisations, industry, academia and civil society to share experiences and discuss topical issues with a view to developing further the various areas of nuclear law and promoting international expertise in this field. The format of the conference included a high-level opening session with opening remarks by the IAEA Director General, Rafael Mariano Grossi  and keynote speeches from leading global experts in the nuclear field; a series of topical sessions that addressed key nuclear law issues and round-table discussions that provided the opportunity for focused discussions. Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong presented as part of the roundtable titled “The Role of Nuclear Law in the Broader Context of Other Areas of Law”. 

Details of the event and Speakers are available on the IAEA’s conference page and programme.

Research Associates Manisha Regalla and Annabelle Teo participated in the 2022 session of the “Fundamentals of International Nuclear Law”, an online course developed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD NEA), which was held from 14 to 18 February 2022. Now in its second edition, this course is designed to provide a high-level, introductory review of the central aspects of international nuclear law in a condensed programme.

Over the week, participants from a diverse range of countries and backgrounds learnt about the international nuclear law framework and major issues affecting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (spanning across nuclear safety, security, safeguards and civil liability for nuclear damage), through attending lectures delivered by leading experts from international organisations, governments and private industry and engaging in panel discussions.

Details of the event and lecturers are available in the OECD NEA’s press release and course programme.

Research Fellow Nivedita S attended the annual meeting of the OSPAR’s Radioactive Substances Committee (RSC) held from 8 to 10 February 2022. She was part of the delegation of the Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea (ACOPS), a non-governmental organisation with observer status with the OSPAR Commission. Held virtually, the main focus of this meeting was to finalise the fifth periodic evaluation (5PE) and the Radioactive Substances Thematic Assessment for the Quality Status Report 2023. The purpose of such evaluations is to analyse the progress made by Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Convention towards the strategic objective of the OSPAR Radioactive Substances Strategy, which aims to reduce discharges of radioactive substances to the North-East Atlantic either to background values or near zero. Strategic issues that the RSC monitors include floating nuclear power stations. The International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Nuclear Association also attended as observers. For more information on RSC, see https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/rsc.

Research Fellow Nivedita S and Research Associate Annabelle Teo participated in a webinar entitled “Safety, Security and Safeguards Interfaces and Challenges for Novel Advanced Reactors” organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on 3 February 2022. This was the second webinar in a series of webinars on the safety of Novel Advanced Reactors (NARs) (which includes marine-based small modular reactors), following the completion of a high-level mapping of the applicability of the IAEA Safety Standards to NARs.

Having found during the mapping exercise that the implementation of the safety requirements for NARs at the design stage has interfaces with security and safeguards considerations, the aim of the webinar was to discuss the various interfaces, challenges, synergies and conflicts for the safety, security and safeguards (3Ss) of NARs, taking into account their unique characteristics such as new fuel concepts and transportability. This discussion was timely given that many NARs are still at a conceptual or early design stage, thus presenting a unique opportunity for interested stakeholders to promote and pursue a holistic approach that integrates all 3Ss to support the development and deployment of NARs. Additionally, the webinar also provided an overview of the IAEA’s upcoming activities in this area. Details of the event and speakers are available in the webinar programme.

CIL Research Associate Annabelle Teo participated in various events during the International Conference on the Safe and Secure Transport of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials, which was held virtually from 13 to 17 December 2021. The conference was organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and focused on issues relating to transport safety, transport security and the interface between them, with the objective of supporting Member States in further developing and strengthening their transport safety and security regulatory infrastructures.

Relevant topics covered over the course of the week include: (i) the main transport considerations and challenges for Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in realising the prospect of global deployment of SMRs; (ii) the call for enhanced regional networks addressing transport safety and security in a coordinated manner, including within the Asia and Pacific Islands region; (iii) the exchange of good practices and experience, including presentations from ASEAN Member States such as Indonesia and Myanmar on the development of transport regulations and the exercise of regulatory oversight; and (iv) the IAEA’s past work and future plans to promote effective management of the transport safety-security interface. Details of the event and speakers are available in the conference programme.  

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Fellow Nivedita S were invited to participate in the Tenth Meeting of the Working Group on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). They participated remotely in this three-day hybrid meeting which was held in Geneva, Switzerland from 1 to 3 December 2021.

Matters discussed included (i) the cases pertaining to nuclear power plants including the planned construction of units and lifetime extension of such plants pending before the Espoo Implementation Committee; (ii) the proposed modifications to the reporting template for the European Union for the implementation of the Espoo Convention on EIA and the Kyiv Protocol on SEA, which includes a component to assess whether EIA/SEAs contribute to achieving sustainable development goals; and (iii) the work being done to identify synergies and possible cooperation activities in marine regions (in particular, regional seas frameworks that include provisions on environmental assessments).

The meeting included a seminar on sustainable infrastructure, which discussed among others, good practices relating to the use of EIA/SEA in the context of infrastructure development plans and projects. As part of this discussion, the potential link between taxonomy-related assessments and the EIA and SEA processes was also considered. The meeting brought together representatives from state parties to these treaties and representatives from intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations and academia.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Fellow Nivedita S were invited to participate in the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s (NEA) Working Party on Nuclear Liability and Transport (WPNLT) during its annual meeting held on 23 and 24 November 2021. This virtual meeting brought together representatives from member countries of the OECD NEA, intergovernmental organisations and industry as well as independent experts. The WPNLT is one of three working parties that fall under the purview of the NEA’s Nuclear Law Committee. Its main objectives are to examine issues relating to the interpretation and application of international nuclear liability instruments to nuclear transport and to find practical solutions through information exchange and the sharing of relevant experience.

The CIL Nuclear Law and Policy Team participated in an international conference entitled “International Conference on a Decade of Progress after Fukushima-Daiichi: Building on the Lessons Learned to Further Strengthen Nuclear Safety” organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from 8 to 12 November 2021. The week-long conference provided a platform where international safety experts and other leaders could look back on the lessons learned and results of actions undertaken at the national, regional and international levels following the accident and discuss ways for further strengthening nuclear safety.  The conference covered a range of topics under three broad themes – “International Perspective; Learning Lessons” and “Path Forward”. Topics covered included emergency preparedness and response; radiation safety; international cooperation; leadership and management for safety; communication and trust building; post-accident recovery; international legal instruments for safety and facing new challenges.  

As part of the conference, a special session was held by IAEA Director-General on the safety related aspects of handling ALPS (advanced liquid processing system) treated waters at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). This session provided an update from key officials from the IAEA and Japan about recent progress and planned future activities including plans on the review that the IAEA will conduct on Japan’s activities related to the treated water discharge. On the topic of international legal instruments, the effectiveness of the international legal instruments for safety, in particular, the Convention of Nuclear Safety (CNS) and the Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety (which was adopted after the accident to strengthen implementation of the CNS), can be further enhanced. Discussions centred around the peer review mechanism established by the CNS in the form of national reports on the implementation of a state’s obligations under the CNS for “peer review” in review meetings held every three years. Details of the events and speakers are available in the event’s programme.

CIL Nuclear Law and Policy Team participated in several virtual side events organised by both the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) during the 26^th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) held in Glasgow, UK. The IAEA events addressed the complementary role of nuclear power and renewables in the transition towards a carbon-neutral future and how international cooperation is needed to enable this transition to net zero, through advances in technology, but also financing mechanisms, and global policy frameworks. The events also highlighted the contribution of nuclear science and technology to climate change adaptation. The OECD event on nuclear energy explored its role in net-zero pathways and the availability of climate and development finance to support nuclear innovation to meet climate goals. Details of the IAEA and OECD events and speakers are available at the event sites for IAEA and the OECD COP26 Pavilion.

CIL Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong, Research Fellow Nivedita S and Research Associates Manisha Regalla and Annabelle Teo participated in several events during the Singapore International Energy Week (SIEW) 2021 that was held from 25 to 29 October 2021.

The CIL team attended the inaugural Singapore Energy Lecture delivered by the Minister for Trade and Industry, Gan Kim Yong, whose message centered around the SIEW 2021 theme “Advancing the Energy Transition”, reflecting the opportunities and challenges that energy transition presents in the post COVID-19 environment, including the importance of creating an ASEAN Power Grid.

The CIL team also attended several SIEW Thinktank Roundtables including those held by the ASEAN Centre for Energy on innovation to accelerate energy transition in ASEAN; the British Chamber of Commerce on the realities and opportunities of decarbonisation as the world looks ahead to COP26; the US Department of Commerce on  innovative energy solutions and technologies to help to address climate change issues; and by the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan on driving the clean energy transition in ASEAN and Japan.

Apart from the inaugural Singapore Energy Lecture and SIEW Thinktank Roundtables, the team also attended the Singapore-International Energy Agency (IEA) Forum that featured the Southeast Asia launch of the IEA World Energy Outlook 2021, amongst other events. Details of the event and speakers are available at the event website.

CIL Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong, Research Fellow Nivedita S and Research Associates Manisha Regalla and Annabelle Teo participated in a webinar jointly organised by the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on 7 October 2021. The webinar marked the first step of cooperation between ACE and IAEA since the launch of their multi-year cooperation programme specifically in the field of nuclear power application pursuant to the Practical Arrangements (PA) signed between ASEAN and the IAEA on 17 September 2019. The PA sets out a framework for cooperation in the areas of nuclear science, technology and applications, as well as of nuclear safety, security and safeguards, for five years.

The aim of the webinar was to inform stakeholders of ASEAN and its member states about upcoming nuclear cooperation activities as well as build capacity on global developments relevant to ASEAN’s Civilian Nuclear Energy Programme (CNE Programme) under the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) Phase II: 2021–2025. Major topics discussed included an overview of the achievements and/or work that is being planned as part of the CNE Programme and the PA as well as the status and prospects for nuclear power globally and within Southeast Asia, including the status and prospects of new and emerging technologies such as advanced reactors and small modular reactors.

Further details are available at the event website and a recording of the webinar is available here.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Fellow S Nivedita participated in the meeting of the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) Nuclear Energy Experts Group held this year. This meeting was held virtually from 28 to 29 September 2021. Denise Cheong was invited to present as part of a panel session on the future of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in Asia where she provided the ASEAN context, touching on SMR development and potential deployment within Southeast Asia as well as efforts to foster international and regional cooperation in this area.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong was invited to participate in the CSCAP Non-proliferation and Disarmament Study Group held virtually on 22 and 23 September 2021. Discussions on recent developments in non-proliferation and disarmament included the outlook for the upcoming Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the Conference of the Parties to the Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (A/CPPNM). Participants were also introduced to the “Nuclear Responsibilities Toolkit” a toolkit designed to help policy communities think, talk, and write about their nuclear responsibilities, and those of others, in a practical manner.

The 65th General Conference (GC) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was held in a hybrid format this year from 20 to 24 September 2021. CIL Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong, Research Fellow Nivedita S and Research Associate Manisha Regalla participated in various virtual side events organised or co-sponsored by the IAEA including events related to (i) Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) which showcased the IAEA Platform on SMRs and their Applications, aimed at providing member states with coordinated support in the development and deployment of this emerging nuclear power technology through ‘one-stop shop’ access to IAEA’s expertise and resources on SMRs; (ii) the new IAEA generic roadmap towards implementing a deep geological repository (DGR), which is based on practices and experiences in a range of national DGR programmes; and (iii) the IAEA Milestones Approach for Responsible Deployment of Nuclear Technologies, which showcased the most up to date guiding materials and practices for countries embarking on or expanding their nuclear power programmes. Details of the events and speakers are available at the event website here and here.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Fellow Nivedita S attended a webinar organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) entitled ‘Security of Nuclear Material in Transport’ on 30 August 2021.

Research Fellow Nivedita S participated in the 2021 virtual Annual Meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN) held from 16 to 20 August 2021.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong presented on ‘Enhancing Transboundary Consultation in the Context of Nuclear Power Development in Southeast Asia’ as part of the 2021 ILA-ASIL Asia-Pacific Research Forum on ‘International Law and Post-Pandemic Asia: New Economic Challenges and Opportunities.’ She was part of Panel 3 on Environment, Energy and Sustainability that was held on 5 August 2021.

Research Associate Manisha Regalla participated in a webinar entitled ‘Nuclear Security Governance in the Asia-Pacific: Pathways to Cooperation’ that was organised by the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) on 29 July 2021. The purpose of the webinar was to explore national and regional pathways towards building a robust framework for nuclear security governance in the Asia-Pacific.

CIL Research Associate Manisha Regalla attended a webinar organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Incident and Emergency Centre (IAEA IEC) entitled ‘Non-radiological consequences of a nuclear or radiological emergency: concept and case studies’, which was held on 23 June 2021.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S attended the meeting of the Arctic Council Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response Working Group’s (EPPR) Radiation Expert Group (RAD EG) held virtually from 15 to 16 June 2021.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associates Nivedita S and Manisha Regalla participated in a webinar organised by ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) marking the launch of the ASEAN Nuclear Energy Portal. The portal was developed by ACE and the Nuclear Energy Cooperation Sub-Sector Network (NEC-SSN) as part of the implementation of ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) Phase I: 2016 – 2020.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associates Nivedita S and Manisha Regalla attended a webinar organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) entitled ‘Advances in Reactor Technologies for Marine-based Small Modular Reactors’ on 18 May 2021.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associates Nivedita S and Manisha Regalla were invited to attend a closed-door webinar organised by the NUS Energy Studies Institute (ESI) entitled ‘The Management of Contaminated Water at Fukushima Daiichi’ on 21 April 2021.

CIL Research Associates Nivedita S and Manisha Regalla participated in a webinar on Environmental Governance in the Financial Sector held on 7 April 2021, organised by the Asia-Pacific Centre for Environmental Law (APCEL).

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in a webinar on ‘The Prospects for Small Modular Reactors in Southeast Asia’ organised by the Energy Studies Institute of the National University of Singapore on 25 February 2021.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the webinar on ‘Role of Academia in Shaping the Energy Transition in ASEAN’ organised by the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) on 24 February 2021.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the webinar on ‘Energy and Climate Outlook in ASEAN under Brunei’s Chairmanship: Green Recovery Post Pandemic’ organised by the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) on 17 February 2021.

Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the International Atomic Energy Agency’s webinar on ‘Experiences of Member States in Building Regulatory Framework for the Oversight of Nuclear Power Plants’ on 17 February 2021.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S attended the annual meeting of the OSPAR’s Radioactive Substances Committee (RSC) held from 9 to 11 February 2021.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S were invited to present to the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s (NEA) Working Party on Nuclear Liability and Transport (WPNLT).

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S were invited to participate in the eighth session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Espoo Convention.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate S Nivedita participated in the second meeting of the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) Nuclear Energy Experts Group held this year.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate S Nivedita participated in ‘The Future of Nuclear Energy,’ a webinar organised by the Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI).

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the International Atomic Energy Agency’s webinar on ‘Responsibilities and Capabilities of Owners and Operators’.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the Singapore International Energy Week 2020, a week-long hybrid event held from 26-30 October.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in an online panel discussion on ‘Practices, Policies, and Plans in Civilian Nuclear Energy in ASEAN’.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s (NEA) online expert roundtable on ‘International School of Nuclear Law: Hot topics, expert views’.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) webinar on ‘Cutting Emissions for Good: What Role for Nuclear?’ and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Webchat on the Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant in the UAE, previously described as the gold standard for nuclear power development.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S attended a webinar on ‘Opportunities and Challenges in Deploying Small Modular Reactors in ASEAN’ organised by the Energy Studies Institute of the National University of Singapore.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S attended the International Atomic Energy Agency’s webinar on ‘Responsibilities and Functions of a Nuclear Energy Programme Implementing Organization (NEPIO)’.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the Ninth Meeting of the Working Group on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

The CIL Nuclear Law and Policy Team attended NBP Conversations: Philippines Nuclear Energy Market Update held on 29 July 2020 and hosted by Nuclear Business Platform, an industry-led platform.

The CIL Nuclear Law and Policy Team attended OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s online discussion panel on ‘The Role of Nuclear Energy During COVID-19 and Beyond’ on 24 June 2020. COVID-19 has underlined the importance of electricity reliability and resilience during major disruptions. With governments considering a broad range of options for economic recovery and job creation, there is scope within stimulus packages to support energy systems that fulfil both these criteria, while meeting long-term environmental goals and energy security. It was in this context that the panel discussion explored the role that nuclear energy can play in the post COVID-19 recovery, while also supporting the path towards an energy future which is truly sustainable and environmentally responsible.

The online panel discussants included René Neděla, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic; Agneta Rising, Director General, World Nuclear Association; Brent Wanner, WEO Senior Energy Analyst, International Energy Agency (IEA); Juan Garin, Policy Analyst, OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs; Julia Pyke, SZC Director of Financing, EDF Energy; and Atte Harjanne, Member of the Finnish Parliament & Helsinki City Council. The conversation was moderated by OECD NEA Director-General, William D Magwood, IV.

The CIL Nuclear Law and Policy Team participated in OECD NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency) WebChat with HE Michał Kurtyka, Poland’s Minister of Climate and 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP24) President on 15 June 2020.

Senior Research Fellow Ms Denise Cheong and Research Associate S Nivedita participated in the 9th meeting of the Nuclear Energy Experts Group held from 6 to 7 February 2020 in Singapore. This meeting was organised by the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) together with the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS). Participants discussed ways to strengthen nuclear governance in the Indo-Pacific, in light of activities and plans of current and potential nuclear power user/exporter countries; the role of ASEANTOM; and capacity-building and higher education initiatives on nuclear safety and security. Participants also considered the potential governance implications of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and small modular reactor technology including transportable nuclear power plants.

The CIL nuclear law and policy team was invited to present at the Workshop on Strategic Environmental Assessments for Nuclear Power Programmes’ organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The workshop brought together representatives from 15 member states and was held in Vienna, Austria from 3 to 6 December.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S presented on (1) the legal context of strategic environmental assessment, 2) the extent to which strategic environmental assessment is practised in Singapore and ASEAN, and (3) the outcomes and findings from its workshop on Regional Cooperation to Enhance Transboundary Consultation on Nuclear Power Development in Southeast Asia, which was held in Singapore earlier this year.

Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the International Workshop on the Applicability of the Espoo Convention to the Lifetime Extension of Nuclear Power Plants on 2 December 2019. Held in Vienna, Austria, the workshop was organised by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) working group of Parties to the Espoo Convention to draft guidance on the applicability of the Convention to the extension of the lifetime of nuclear power plants. The workshop brought together a broad group of stakeholders to discuss topics currently being explored by the drafting groups. Stakeholders included representatives of non-governmental organisations and international organisations, such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), OECD’s Nuclear Energy Agency, International Association of Impact Assessment (IAIA) and the Compliance Committee under the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus).

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the Eighth Working Group Meeting on Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment, held in Geneva, Switzerland, on 26–28 November 2019. Organised by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the meeting brought together representatives from state parties to the UNECE Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in a Transboundary Context and its Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), as well as representatives from intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations, academia and independent experts.

The CIL Nuclear Law and Policy team was invited to give two presentations: Ms Cheong presented on the position on SEA and transboundary EIA in Singapore, and Ms Nivedita S presented on the outcomes and findings from the workshop on Regional Cooperation to Enhance Transboundary Consultation on Nuclear Power Development in Southeast Asia, which was held in May this year.

The CIL Nuclear Law and Policy team organised a closed-door breakfast seminar by Ms Helen Cook on ‘Lessons Learnt from the Olkiluoto 3 (Finland) and VC Summer (USA) Nuclear Projects’, which was held on 15 November 2019 at CIL. Ms Cook offered insights into the many ways a project can fail and the lessons that can and should be applied to future nuclear projects, including new technology such as small modular reactor technology. Ms Cook discussed how factors such as a lack of adequate human resource capacity and regulatory competence, changes in law and lack of detailed engineering designs can contribute to serious cost overruns and project delays, and explained the importance of addressing these factors early on in the project. Ms Cook also explored how projects that result in disputes between parties to the project and/or the insolvency of a project party have ultimately led to the failure of the project.

Ms Helen Cook is an independent consultant with expertise advising on both the structuring and establishment of the legal and regulatory infrastructure for civilian nuclear power programmes, and the strategic development and negotiation of commercial arrangements for new power plants. This event followed a public seminar on ‘Nuclear Energy for Australia?’ by Ms Cook on 14 November 2019.  

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong participated in a faculty professional development course on nuclear security education held at the Nanyang Technological University of Singapore. This course was jointly organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. The aim of the week-long course was to build capacity in the design of nuclear security education programmes, including curriculum development, and to support human resource development in Asia. Participants were predominantly academics from a variety of disciplines including natural and applied sciences, social sciences and humanities, representing leading universities from countries within Southeast Asia as well as China, Bangladesh and Pakistan.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong and Research Associate Nivedita S participated in the Fourth International Workshop on the Indemnification of Damage in the Event of a Nuclear Accident on 8–10 October 2019, held in Lisbon, Portugal. Organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA), the Institute Superior Técnico (IST), and the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon, the workshop brought together more than 140 participants from 29 countries, including representatives from government agencies, operators, suppliers, nuclear insurance pools and mutuals, law firms and academia.

The workshop facilitated in-depth, interdisciplinary discussions on the scope of ‘nuclear damage’ as defined in the international nuclear third party liability instruments as well as the mechanics of the transboundary claims-handling process, which the conventions do not address. A key outcome of the workshop was the recognition that a common understanding of these issues is needed to effectively and efficiently operationalise the international nuclear conventions in the event of a transboundary nuclear accident. Important links between emergency preparedness and response and nuclear liability were also drawn.

Senior Research Fellow Denise Cheong presented at the Sixth Meeting of the CSCAP Study Group on Non-proliferation and Disarmament in the Asia-Pacific and the 11th ASEAN Regional Forum Inter-Sessional Meeting on Non-proliferation and Disarmament (as part of the CSCAP delegation) held on 7 and 8 April 2019 in Bali, Indonesia. On behalf of the ESI-CIL Nuclear Governance Project, she presented on the ‘Governance of Nuclear Energy—the ASEAN Approach’. This presentation discussed the role of the Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Treaty as an intrinsic part of the approach; the relationship of the approach to international rules, standards and practices; and the importance of fundamental principles of ASEAN engagement in helping to shape the approach. This presentation was based on a review of relevant ASEAN instruments.

Senior Research Fellow Ms Denise Cheong and Research Associate S Nivedita participated in the 8th meeting of the Nuclear Energy Experts Group held from 24 to 25 January 2019 in Singapore. This meeting was organised by the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) together with the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS). Participants discussed ways to strengthen nuclear governance in the Indo-Pacific, in light of activities and plans of current and potential nuclear-power user or exporter countries. The meeting specifically considered the potential for applying the governance framework constituted by the Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone Treaty (SEANWFZ Treaty) and its plans of action. Participants also discussed the potential implications of new technologies, such as distributed ledger and blockchain technologies, and 3D printing on nuclear governance.

CIL Senior Research Fellow Mr Anthony Wetherall participated in the seventh session of the International Nuclear Law Essentials (INLE) Course, which was organised by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the Centre for International Law. The course was held for the first time outside of France, in Singapore, from 26 February to 2 March 2018.

On 28 February, Mr Wetherall delivered a presentation on nuclear security and also participated in a panel discussion on nuclear security and safeguards. Mr Wetherall’s presentation can be downloaded here, and a timeline on developments in international nuclear security can be downloaded here.

This meeting was organised by the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) together with the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies with the support of the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Topics covered included ways to strengthen nuclear governance in the Asia-Pacific, the future of nuclear power development in Asia with a focus on small modular reactors (SMR) and the networks that enable trade in nuclear technology, and radioactive materials in the Asia Pacific. Discussions also addressed what role academic research and international collaboration networks play in building nuclear-related tacit knowledge, and how a better understanding of the networks that undergird trade and knowledge transfer in nuclear-related industries and institutions might help to build commercial opportunities and a more effective culture of nuclear security in the Asia Pacific. The key findings of the discussions and the programme of the meeting can be found here.

CIL Senior Research Fellow Mr Anthony Wetherall, participated in a one-day joint workshop organised by the World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS) and the International Airport Review during the Airport 2017 Expo, hosted in Vienna, Austria, on 12–13 September 2017. The purpose of the event was to explore opportunities between the nuclear and aviation sectors in the field of nuclear security. On 13 September, he gave a presentation on the ‘International Legal Framework for Nuclear Security’, including a timeline of developments. He also participated in the WINS Roundtable on 14 September, which built on the key areas covered on the previous day.

CIL Senior Research Fellows Mr Anthony Wetherall and Ms Denise Cheong and ESI Research Associate Mr Nur Azha Putra participated in the 8th annual Nuclear Power Asia Conference (NPA 2017) held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 7 to 8 March 2017. This year’s event was co-hosted by the Malaysian Nuclear Power Corporation (MNPC) and attended by over 200 international and regional stakeholders including representatives from industry, government and academia. Mr Wetherall was a panellist in the keynote panel discussion on ASEAN development, where he identified ways to strengthen ASEAN nuclear governance including the need for the region to establish an emergency preparedness and response (EPR) framework to deal with nuclear accidents. He was also a panellist in the discussion on the challenges in the construction of new nuclear power plants, where he spoke on the legal and policy challenges associated with a future deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs). He also chaired the session entitled “Advanced technology for safety & security”. The programme of the conference is available here. [View image from event]

CIL Senior Research Fellows Ms Denise Cheong and Mr Anthony Wetherall, as well as ESI Research Associates Mr Nur Azha Putra and Ms Ira Martina Drupady, participated in the 6th meeting of the Nuclear Energy Experts Group held from 27 to 28 February 2017 in Singapore. This meeting was organised by the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) together with the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. Mr Wetherall presented a discussion paper on the potential future deployment to emerging countries of small modular reactors (SMRs), including transportable nuclear power plants (TNPPs). In this context, he proposed the development of a ‘package approach’ to the establishment and implementation of national nuclear legislative and regulatory frameworks. The researchers participated in a number of discussions, including on the prospects of nuclear power growth in the Asia Pacific region and the options for strengthening nuclear governance. Mr Wetherall’s discussion paper can be downloaded here.

CIL Senior Research Fellow Mr Anthony Wetherall participated in the Legal Frameworks Workshop ‘Vigilant Marmot’ organised by the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT) together with the governments of the USA, the Slovak Republic and Canada, and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Held in Bratislava, Slovakia, from 24 to 26 January 2017, the event was attended by over 100 participants from GICNT partner nations and representatives of organisations, including the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), UNODC, the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) and the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI). The workshop was organized into a series of seminars, panel discussions and scenario-based dialogues to address challenges in adopting or updating national legal frameworks for nuclear security, highlight obligations under international legal instruments against radiological-nuclear terrorism, and consider practical models for implementing these obligations. The event focused on the criminalisation penalties in the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM), the 2005 Amendment thereto and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT). Mr Wetherall participated in the panel discussion on the definitions in the aforementioned instruments. He also served as a roaming expert for five workshop sessions.

CIL Senior Research Fellow Mr Anthony Wetherall participated in the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) week-long International Conference on Nuclear Security: Commitments and Actions. Mr Wetherall acted as co-Chair for the Technical Session entitled ‘Perspectives on Implementing Obligations under International Instruments for Nuclear Security’. He also served as the Panel Facilitator for two related panel discussions: ‘The challenges of implementing international commitments, nationally’ and ‘The role of regional organisations and bilateral programmes in supporting national implementation of international obligations’. The Ministerial Conference was attended by over 2000 participants from 139 IAEA Member States and 29 organizations. 47 IAEA Member States were represented at ministerial level. The Ministerial Conference was held from 5-9 December 2016 at IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Austria. A ministerial segment, lasting a day and a half, adopted a Ministerial Declaration by consensus. A President’s Report will be published on the conference site.

CIL Senior Research Fellow Mr Anthony Wetherall participated in the 22nd Biennial Congress of the International Nuclear Law Association (INLA). Mr Wetherall presented on the ‘Future Deployment of Transportable Nuclear Power Plants: Legal and Regulatory Issues and Challenges’, as jointly prepared by Mr Wetherall and Research Fellow Ms Denise Cheong based on ongoing research as part of the ESI-CIL Nuclear Governance Project. The Congress is a leading international conference on legal issues relating to peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The conference was held from 7 to 11 November 2016 and hosted by the Nuclear Law Association in New Delhi, India. To download Mr Wetherall’s presentation, click here.

Assoc. Professor Robert Beckman, Head of CIL’s Ocean Law and Policy Programme; Mr Anthony Wetherall, Senior Research Fellow; and Ms S Nivedita, Research Associate, participated in the KIOST International Seminar on Ocean Sciences Diplomacy (ISOSD): A Novel Approach to Establishing a Cooperative Regime in the Asian Waters through Ocean Sciences to Promote Regional Peace held in Ansan, Republic of Korea, on 24-27 October 2016. The seminar was organised by Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST). Assoc. Prof Beckman presented on the ‘Global Legal Regime Governing Pollution of the Marine Environment from Offshore Installations and Structures’ while Mr Wetherall presented on the ‘Future Deployment of Transportable Nuclear Power Plants: Legal and Regulatory Issues and Challenges’, as jointly prepared by Mr Wetherall and Research Fellow Ms Denise Cheong, based on on-going research as part of the ESI-CIL Nuclear Governance Project. Ms S Nivedita took the role of discussant during the panel discussion on coastal nuclear power plants. To download Assoc Prof Beckman’s presentation, click here. To download Mr Wetherall’s presentation, click here. [View photo]

CIL Research Fellow, Ms. Denise Cheong; ESI Research Fellow, Dr Monique Taylor; and CIL Research Associate, Ms. S Nivedita who are part of the ESI-CIL Nuclear Governance Project’s multidisciplinary team attended this year’s International School of Nuclear Law (ISNL). ISNL, in continuing its unique contribution to the field of nuclear law, held its 2016 summer session from 22 August to 2 September 2016 in Montpellier, France. ISNL was established in 2001 by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in partnership with the University of Montpellier to provide participants with a comprehensive overview of the various inter-related legal issues relating to the safe, efficient and secure use of nuclear energy. ISNL’s faculty comprises renowned specialists in nuclear law from international organisations, governments, and industry and ISNL participants have the option of applying for a University Diploma (Diplôme d’université – D.U.) in International Nuclear Law from the University of Montpellier. [View photo]

CIL Research Fellow Denise Cheong participated in the Nuclear Energy Experts Group (NEEG) organised by the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) and held in Singapore on 15-16 October 2015.

The workshop focused on nuclear and ocean governance issues and was held virtually on 19 October 2023.